recent posts

recentposts

about us


Treasury is a clean and responsive Blogger template.It is perfect for news/magazine blogs. It has everything you need to make your blog stand out. This template is fully customizable and very flexible and we believe you will love it as much as we do.
Showing posts with label english grammer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label english grammer. Show all posts

Wednesday, 30 August 2017

// // Leave a Comment

Use of A , An and the

Rules Of Article : Use Of 'A', 'An', 'The' - Explanation In Hindi With Examples

अंग्रेजी में a, an और the को Article (उपपद) कहते हैं  ।  ये दो प्रकार के होते हैं :
1. Indefinite Article - A तथा An को Indefinite Article कहते  है क्योंकि ये अनिच्छित (Indefinite) Noun के पहले आते हैं ।
Examples :
I saw a girl (any girl).
He saw an owl (any owl).


इनका प्रयोग साधारणतया Singular Countable Nouns (जिन nouns को गिना जा सके) के साथ होता है । साधारणतया Uncountable Nouns (जिन nouns को गिना न जा सके) के साथ Article का प्रयोग नहीं किया जा सकता ।
Example :
A table is made of wood. इस वाक्य में table countable है । इसलिए इससे पहले A का प्रयोग हुआ है । Wood  यहाँ Uncountable है । इसलिए इससे पहले Indefinite Article का प्रयोग नहीं हुआ है ।

2. Definite Article - The को Definite Article कहते है क्योंकि वह निश्चित (Definite) Noun के पहले प्रयोग होता है ।
Example :
I went to meet the teacher. (the teacher of our class)


Use of  'A' ('A' का प्रयोग )

Rules (a) Indefinite Article 'a' का प्रयोग साधारणतया उन Nouns के पहले जिनकी गिनती की जा सकती है, किया जाता है और जिनका उच्चारण Consonant (व्यंजन) की आवाज से होता है ।

Examples : A cow, a woman, a chair, a boy, a horse etc.

ये शब्द क्रमशः क , व , च , ब , ह ध्वनि से start होते हैं । इसलिए a Article इनसे पहले लगा है ।

(b) जब U की आवाज़ यू (yu) हो ।

Examples : a European, a useful, a union, a University

ये शब्द यू की ध्वनि से start होते है । इसलिए a Article इनसे पहले लगा है ।

(c) जब O की आवाज़ व (W) हो ।

Examples : a one-rupee note, a one-eyed man

ये शब्द व की ध्वनि से start होते है । इसलिए a Article इनसे पहले लगा है ।

(d) एकवचन में जातिवाचक संज्ञा (Common Noun) से पहले one का भाव प्रकट करने के लिए a का प्रयोग होता है ।

Example : She has a novel in her hand. (a means one here)

(e) एकवचन में Common Noun से पहले one से any का भाव प्रकट करने के लिए a का प्रयोग होता है ।

Example : A king had four sons. (a means any here)


(f) A से the same का भाव भी प्रकट होता है ।
Example : Birds of a feather flock together. (a means the same here)

(g) जब एक व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा (Proper Noun) का प्रयोग एक जातिवाचक संज्ञा (Common Noun) के रूप में किया जाता है , तो उससे पहले Article a का प्रयोग होता है ।
Example : He is a Shylock. यहाँ Shylock का प्रयोग as Common Noun किया गया है जिसका Meaning है :
"a ruthless moneylender or a loan shark"

(h) A का प्रयोग per के रूप में भी किया जाता है ।
Example : She spends $1000 a month. (a means per here)

(i) अनेक Idiomatic phrases में a का प्रयोग होता है ।
Example : on a large scale, to be in a hurry, to be in a rage, all of a sudden

(j) Other Examples of a :
a headache, a bad cold, a temperature, a noise, a pity


Use of  'An' (An का प्रयोग)

Rules (a) Indefinite Article 'an' का प्रयोग उन शब्दों से पहले होता है जो किसी Vowel (स्वर) a, e, i, o, u से आरम्भ हो और जिनका उच्चारण भी Vowel की तरह होता हो ।

Examples : An elephant, an orange, an umbrella, an airplane.

ये शब्द क्रमशः ए , औ , अम , ए  की ध्वनि से start होते है ।

(b) जिन शब्दों में h silent होता है उनसे पहले an का प्रयोग होता है ।

Examples : An heir, an honest girl, an hour

(c)  जब कोई शब्द h से start हो , ध्वनि ह की हो लेकिन शब्द के प्रथम भाग (syllable) पर जोर न हो  तो maximum time 'an' का  प्रयोग होता है ।

Examples : An hotel, an historical novel

(d) उन Consonants से start होने वाले small words (Abbreviations) से पहले जिनका उच्चारण Vowel के सामान हो  के साथ an का प्रयोग करते है ।

Examples : An L.L.B., an M.A., an S.P., an S.D.O.


Use of 'The' (The का प्रयोग)


Rules (a) The का प्रयोग उस समय करते है जब हम किसी Particular व्यक्ति या वस्तु या जिसका पहले उल्लेख हो चुका हो, या जिससे वक्ता (Orator) परिचित  हो, के बारे में बात करते है ।
Example : The girl you are seeing is my daughter.

(b) पर्वत श्रेणीयों (Mountain Ranges) नदी (River), नहर (Canal) , सागर (Sea), महासागर (Ocean) , खाड़ी (Bay), रेगिस्तान (Desert), द्वीप समूह (Group of Islands), प्रसिद्ध इमारतों (Famous Buildings) के नाम से पहले the का प्रयोग करते है । क्रमशः (Respectively) उदाहरण देखिए :
Examples : The Himalayas, The Brahmaputra River, The Buckingham Canal, The Red Sea, The Indian Ocean, The Bay of Bengal, The Sahara Desert, The Andaman and Nicobar, The Taj Mahal.
Note : पर्वत शिखरों (Individual peaks) के पहले the का प्रयोग नहीं करते है ।  Examples : Mount Everest, Kangchenjunga

(c) Singular Common Noun जब समस्त जाति या वर्ग (Whole caste or class) का बोध कराते हो तो उनके पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Example : The dog is a faithful animal.

(d) धार्मिक पुस्तकों (Religious Books) के नाम के पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples : The Gita, The Koran, The Bible

(e)  कवि (Poet) या लेखक (Writer) के नाम से पहले the का प्रयोग नहीं करते है ।
Examples : William Shakespeare, George Bernard Shaw

(f) चारों दिशाओं के पहले  the  का  प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples : The East, The South, The West, The North

(g) Proper Noun से पहले Adjective हो तो the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples : The Immortal Gandhi, The Great Bernard Shaw

(h) जहाजों (Ships), वायुयानो (Aeroplanes) और ट्रेनों (Trains) के नाम से पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples : The INS Vikrant, The Deccan Charters, The Gatimaan Expresss

(i) समाचार पत्रों (Newspaper) के नाम के पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples : The Times of India, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times

(j) All तथा Both के बाद प्राय: (Often) the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples :
All the boys were absent yesterday.
Both the friends were tired of laughing.

(k) कुछ मुख़्य ऐतिहासिक घटनाओं (Main Historical Events) के पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples : The First World War, The Independence day, The French Revolution

(l) Surnames से पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples :
The Clinton's (The members of the Clinton family) had gone on a tour.
The Kumar's (The members of the Kumar family) had gone on a tour.

(m) कुछ प्रान्त (Province), देश (Country) तथा भौगोलिक (Geographic) नामों के पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples : The Punjab, The United States of America, The Deccan Plateau

(n) कुछ वस्तुओं से पहले जो एक ही होती है उनसे पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples : The sky, The earth, The moon, The sun

(o) जब किसी Adjective के बाद noun न लगा हो, तब उस Adjective को समूहवाचक संज्ञा (noun of multitude) कहते है और इससे पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Example : The rich should help the poor.
(The rich means rich people. The poor means poor people.)

(p) Superlative degree के adjectives तथा Ordinals (eg. first, second, third etc) के पहले the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Examples :
She was the best teacher of my school.
The first table of my class was missing.

(q) Comparative degree में Adverb की तरह प्रयोग होने पर the का प्रयोग करते है ।
Example : The harder you work the faster you learn.

(r) जो Proper Nouns, Common Nouns की तरह प्रयोग होते है, उनसे पहले the का प्रयोग करते है।
Example : Kashmir is the Switzerland of India. (Meaning : Kashmir is  as beautiful as Switzerland.)

(s) किसी देश की भाषा (language) के पहले the का प्रयोग करने पर वह उस देश के नागरिकों का बोध कराती है ।
Examples :
The French (Meaning : The people of France), French (Meaning : The language of France)
The Greek (Meaning : The people of Greece), Greek (Meaning : The language of Greece)



Read More

Thursday, 24 August 2017

// // Leave a Comment

9.Nonfinite Verb by - Mishra grammar Study Centre

Read More
// // Leave a Comment

8.Narration by- Mishra English Study Centre

Read More

Wednesday, 23 August 2017

// // Leave a Comment

7.Voice by- Mishra English Study Centre

Read More
// // Leave a Comment

6.Question tag by - Mishra English Study Centre

Read More
// // Leave a Comment

5.Article by- Mishra English Study Centre


              !! Download this book free !!
Read More

Tuesday, 22 August 2017

// // Leave a Comment

4. Degree 1 by - Mishra English Study Centre

Read More

Monday, 21 August 2017

// // Leave a Comment

3. Adjective 1 by - Mishra English Study Centre

Read More
// // Leave a Comment

2. Pronoun by- Mishra English Study Centre

Read More
// // Leave a Comment

Download Free PDF for Important English Grammar Notes | How to learn English Section for various competitive exams | Easy and important PDF for English Grammar

We have created the PDF for the Important English Grammar notes for the candidates who are preparing for the different competitive exams. As the competition has become high these days, So we need to have high preparations for the exams to secure the marks and job in the government sector. We have summed up different books and created the important english grammar notes according to exams’ point of view which will surely help you to score good marks in the exams and crack the examination. So we are presenting you with most demanded English notes for the examinations. To download free pdf click the link below 



Read More
// // Leave a Comment

1.Noun by- Mishra English Study Centre

Read More

Saturday, 19 August 2017

// // Leave a Comment

Complete english grammar free ebook

Read More
// // Leave a Comment

Parts of speech free ebook

Read More
// // Leave a Comment

Basic English grammar tips free ebook

Read More

Wednesday, 16 August 2017

// // Leave a Comment

Nouns and its kind

Noun 

A word or compound that refers to a person, thing, place, or abstract quality. 'Friend', 'credit card', 'California', and 'peace' are all nouns.

Types of Noun

1. Abstract noun
A common noun that refers to a quality, idea, or feeling rather than to a person or a physical object. For example 'thought', 'problem', 'law', and 'opportunity' are all abstract nouns.

2. Collective noun
A noun that refers to a group of people and is followed by a singular or plural verb, for example 'team' or 'family'.

3. Common noun
Any noun that is not the name of a specific person or thing. For example 'woman', 'dog', 'mountain', and 'idea' are common nouns, while 'Seema', 'Ram', and 'Mount Everest' 'Delhi' are proper nouns. The two types of common noun are concrete noun and abstract noun.

4. Concrete noun
A common noun that refers to anything with a physical reality that you can see or touch. For example 'hair', 'bread', 'rat' and 'mobile phone' are all concrete nouns.

5. Gerund
A noun formed by adding '-ing' to a verb, that describes an action, such as 'running' or 'believing'.

6. Mass noun
A noun such as 'soap' that is usually uncountable but is also used with 'a' or 'an', or in the plural, to talk about different types of something. For example the noun 'soap' in 'Wash your hands with soap and water' is uncountable, while in 'You should choose a mild soap' and 'Some soaps are very strongly perfumed', 'soap' is countable. A mass noun is used in both these ways.

7. Proper noun
A noun that names a particular person, place, or thing and begins with a capital letter. 'Abhishek', 'Africa', and 'New Year' are proper nouns.

Nouns can be countable as well as uncountable:

i) Uncountable nouns usually refer to abstract things such as 'advice', 'luck', and 'information', or to substances such as 'milk', 'blood', and 'smoke'.
ii) Countable nouns are for things we can count using numbers. They have a singular and a plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". 
Read More
// // 1 comment

Easy leave application in english

Ways to write a sick leave application:

Sample 1:

Respected Sir,

I would like to apply for a leave for the coming week, starting from the 1st of August 2015 to the 7th of August 2015. I have been ill since last night and the doctor has advised me to stay at home for a few days. I would be grateful if you could grant me a leave for this period.
Thank you for your consideration.

Regards,
Dev Sinha
HR Manager

Sample 2: When you have an ailment that could take a bit longer, then you could write an e-mail saying:

Dear Sir,

I have been diagnosed with Typhoid and would not be able to work for the next seven days. I will however, continue to work remotely for the weeks that follow. It would be kind of you to allow me to take a leave for one week. Post that, I shall continue to work remotely till I recover, so, kindly also allow me to work from home for this period. I would be highly grateful.

Regards,
Anu Sharma
Technical Associate

Sample 3 (Casual Leave):

Dear Sir, 

This is to inform you that I will have to travel to Jaipur today to attend to an important family issue. I will not be able to come to office today, i.e. August 2nd, 2015. However, I will resume work from tomorrow. 
I will be grateful if you would consider this as it is something genuine and urgent.

Regards,
Karan Jain
Associate Content Writer. 

If the employees in your organization address their colleagues and superiors using just their first names, then it is perfectly fine to address them by their first names even while writing emails. Eg: Hi Anmol. 
Read More
// // Leave a Comment

Eight parts of speech


Words are used to form patterns of English grammar and syntax. Each word falls into one of eight categories referred to as parts of speech. Here are the eight commonly recognized parts of speech.

1. Noun 
A word which is a person, place, thing or idea. Nouns can be countable or uncountable.
E.g.: Mount Everest, book, horse, Prakash, strength, car, Taj Mahal, China, house, child

2. Pronoun 
A word that is used to take the place of a noun. There are a number of pronouns such as subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive and demonstrative pronouns.
E.g.: I, they, their, ourselves, itself, your, my, nobody, who, which, her, we

3. Adjective 
A word that is used to describe a noun or pronoun. There are various types of adjectives which can be studied in more depth on the adjective page.
E.g.: proud, purple, French, few, this, huge, sad, second, none

4. Verb 
A word that indicates an action, being or state of being.
E.g.: play, run, think, study, smell, wait, be, drive, renounce, fill

5. Adverb 
A word that is used to describe a verb which tells how, where, or when something is done.
E.g.: carefully, often, very, intelligently, quite, too, rarely, never

6. Conjunction 
A word that is used to join words or groups of words. Conjunctions are used to connect two sentences into one more complex sentence.
E.g.: and, or, but, neither, because, while, since, although

7. Preposition 
A word used indicating the relationship between a noun or pronoun to another word. There are numerous prepositions in English used in a variety of manners.
E.g.: in, until, of, from, after, under, beyond, across, toward

8. Interjection 
A single word used to express strong emotion.
E.g.: Wow! Ah! Oh! No! 
Read More
// // Leave a Comment

Most used 100 antonyms





100 MOST IMPORTANT "ANTONYMS"
◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆

1. Inevitable- Avoidable
2. Exceptional- Common
3. Permanent- Temporary
4. Dim- Luminous
5. Reckless- Careful
6. Explicit- Ambiguous
7. Incredible- Believable
8. Repel- Attract
9. Rapidly- Slowly
10. Meticulous- Careless
11. Barbarous- Civilized
12. Successor- Predecessor
13. Urban- Rural
14. Conclusive- Indecisive
15. Terminate-Begin
16. Niggardly- Lavishly
17. Advanced- Receded
18. Enlightened- Ignorant
19. Moderate- Extreme
20. Superficial- Thorough
21. Scorn- Admiration
22. Trivial- Serious
23. Loquacious- Reserved
24. Confiscate- Release
25. Often- Rarely
26. Eminent- Notorious
27. Embark upon- Conclude
28. Diffidence- Boldness
29. Paucity- Plenty
30. Triggered- Choked
31. Fastidious- Adjustable
32. Grandiose- Simple
33. Bleak- Bright
34. Insolent- Humble
35. Lurid- Mild
36. Unscrupulous- Conscientious
37. Melodious- Tuneless
38. Contaminate- Purify
39. Frugal- Extravagant
40. Falling off- Improvement
41. Genial- Unkind
42. Shallow- Deep
43. Immune- Vulnerable
44. Veneration- Disrespect
45. Yield to- Resist
46. Concur- Disagree
47. Vague- Precise
48. Humility- Pride
49. Extol- Censure
50. Takes off- Lands
51. Demolish- Build
52. Prevent- Induce
53. Frailty- Strength
54. Collapse- Rise
55. Anxious- Carefree
56. Thrifty- Wasteful
57. Innovate- Copy
58. Enduring- Fleeting
59. Progressive- Retrogressive
60. Purposely- Unintentionally
61. Brave- Timid
62. Opaque- Transparent
63. Hinder- Encourage
64. Zeal- Apathy
65. Shimmering-Gloomy
66. Plausible- Implausible/
Unbelievable
67. Flair- Inability
68. Dormant- Active
69. Hazy- Clear
70. Fantastic- Ordinary
71. Asceticism- Luxury
72. Dissolution- Establishment
73. Unnerved- Confident
74. Harmony- Disagreement
75. Guilty- Innocent
76. Duplicity- Honesty
77. Jocular- Morose
78. Uncompromising- Flexible
79. Desecration- Consecration
80. Far-fetched- Realistic
81. Parallel- Crooked
82. Blocked- Facilitated
83 Turn coat- Loyal
84. Embellish- Spoil
85. Intentional- Accidental
86. Expand- Contract
87. Stimulate- Discourage
88. Perilous- Safe
89. Audacious- Timid
90. Quiet- Pandemonium
91. Genuine- Fictitious
92. Implicit- Explicit
93. Repulsive- Attractive
94. Escalate- Decrease
95. Commotion- Tranquility
96. Manifested- Concealed
97. Vindictive- Forgiving
98. Inaugurate- Terminate
99. Detest- Like
100. Commence- Conclude
◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
Read More

Tuesday, 15 August 2017

// // Leave a Comment

Independence day wishes

Independence day wishes:

1. On Independence Day, here’s wishing our dreams of a new tomorrow come true. Happy Independence Day! (स्वतंत्रता दिवस पर, आशा है कि कल के हमारे सारे सपने पूरे हों. स्वतंत्रता दिवस की शुभकामनाएं!)

2.Freedom is a precious gift of God. May we always remain independent. Happy Independence Day! (स्वतंत्रता भगवान् का दिया हुआ एक ख़ास तोहफा है. हम सदा स्वतन्त्र रहे. Happy Independence Day!)

3. No nation is perfect, it needs to be made perfect by the citizens. Happy Independence day. (कोई देश perfect नहीं होता, उसे नागरिकों द्वारा perfect बनाना पड़ता है. Happy Independence day.)

4. This Independence day, let us remember the thousands who laid their lives so we could celebrate. Happy Independence Day! (इस स्वतंत्रता दिवस पर आज उन सब को याद करें जो शहीद हो गए ताकि हम यह दिन मना सकें. Happy Independence Day!)

5. Let's celebrate the day that gave us the freedom of thought, actions, faith and speech! (आओ उस दिन का जश्न मनाएं जिसने हमें विचारों की, कार्यों की, श्रद्धा की और बोलने की स्वतंत्रता दी!)

6. Home of the free because of the brave! (बहादुरों की वजह से आज़ादों का घर!)

7. United we stand, divided we fall. Happy Independence Day!
(एकता में अटूट शक्ति होती है. Happy Independence Day!)
Read More

Saturday, 12 August 2017

// // Leave a Comment

15 punctuation marks (hindi)

15 Punctuation Marks 

 

. Period / Full stop (पूर्ण विराम) 

used to end a sentence. For example: I am going to the market. 

 

, comma (अल्पविराम) 

used to mark a brief pause in the sentence, usually at a point where you would naturally pause if you were speaking rather than writing. For example: Bring an ice cream, a bread, and some cookies from the market. 

 

... ellipses (दीर्घवृत्त) 

An ellipsis makes up for a missing piece of text, or allows for a pause in writing. For example: You went to the restaurant. And...? 

 

: colon (अपूर्ण विराम) 

A colon means "that is to say" or "here's what I mean." For example: He got what he worked for: he really earned that promotion. 

 

; semi-colon (अर्धविराम) 

Semicolons separate things. Most commonly, they separate two main clauses that are closely related to each other but could stand on their own as sentences if you wanted them to 

Here's an example: I have a big test tomorrow; I can't go out tonight. 

 

[] Square brackets (वर्गाकार कोष्ठक) 

used to enclose words added by someone other than the original writer or speaker, typically in order to clarify the situation: He [the police officer] can’t prove they did it. 

 

() Parentheses (कोष्टक) 

Round brackets (also called parentheses, especially in American English) are mainly used to separate off information that isn’t essential to the meaning of the rest of the sentence. For example: Mount Everest (in the Himalayas) is the highest mountain in the world. 

 

! Exclamation mark (विस्मयादिबोधक चिह्न) 

expresses excitement. It is also used to express surprise, astonishment, or any other such strong emotion. For example: I won the tournament! 

 

? Question Mark (प्रश्न चिन्ह) 

The question mark is used at the end of a direct question. For example: Where are you going? 

 

' Apostrophe (अक्षर लोप) 

The apostrophe is used to form possessives (e.g., Jack's car, Sam's house) 

 

/ Slash ('या' बताने के लिए) 

Often, when a slash is used in a formal or informal text, it is meant to indicate the word 'or'. For example: Bring some white/brown bread. 

 

" " Quotation Marks (उद्धरण चिह्न) 

used to show a speaker’s words written down exactly as they were spoken.  In American English, the rule is to use double quotation marks: "What time will he arrive?" she asked. 

 

- Hyphen (समास चिह्न) 

joins two or more words together. For example: up-to-date 

 

* asterisk (तारा चिह्न) 

Used to refer readers to a note at the bottom of a page of text. 

 

– en dash  

used to connect values in a range or that are related. A good rule is to use it when you're expressing a "to" relationship. Examples where an en-dash should be used:  

1. in years 1939–1945 

Read More

featured video

video footer