GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT INDIA
BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT INDIA
POINTS INFO Capital of India: New Delhi Belongs in Continent: Asia Location: 28°36.8′N, 77°12.5′E Other Names of India: Hindustan, Bharat, Neighbor countries: China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Myanmar Population: 1,210,193,422 (2nd ) Area: 3,287,590 km2 (7th) Total Coast Line of India: 7,517 KM Land Frontier: 15,200 Km Length from East to West: 2933 KM Length from North to South: 3214 Km Official Languages: Hindi, English Currency: Indian Rupee Important Rivers: Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri, Luni, Narmada, Yamuna, Sutlej, Jhelum, Koshi, Gandaki Important Mountains: Himalaya, Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats, Karakoram, Aravalli, Satpura, Indian States: 29 Union Territories: 6+ 1 Capital Territory Main Agricultural Products: Rice, Wheat, Sugar Cane, Cotton, Jute, Tea, Coffee, Spices, Major Cities of India: Mumbai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Ahmadabad, Pune, Hyderabad, Surat, Indore, Jaipur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Vadodara, Kochi Major Seas of India: Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean Animals of India: Tiger, Elephant, Lion, Bear, Deer, Rhinoceros, Neelgai, Chinkara, Indian flying fox, Ass Tourist Places: Taj Mahal, Qutub Minar, Hawa Mahal, Jama Masjid, Konark Sun Temple, Sundarbans, India Gate, City palace Jaipur, Akshardham, Golkonda Festivals of India: Diwali, Holi, Rath Yatra, Kumbh Mela, Janmasthami, Muharram, Id-ul-Fitr, Good Friday, Christmas
| POINTS | INFO |
|---|---|
| Capital of India: | New Delhi |
| Belongs in Continent: | Asia |
| Location: | 28°36.8′N, 77°12.5′E |
| Other Names of India: | Hindustan, Bharat, |
| Neighbor countries: | China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Myanmar |
| Population: | 1,210,193,422 (2nd ) |
| Area: | 3,287,590 km2 (7th) |
| Total Coast Line of India: | 7,517 KM |
| Land Frontier: | 15,200 Km |
| Length from East to West: | 2933 KM |
| Length from North to South: | 3214 Km |
| Official Languages: | Hindi, English |
| Currency: | Indian Rupee |
| Important Rivers: | Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri, Luni, Narmada, Yamuna, Sutlej, Jhelum, Koshi, Gandaki |
| Important Mountains: | Himalaya, Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats, Karakoram, Aravalli, Satpura, |
| Indian States: | 29 |
| Union Territories: | 6+ 1 Capital Territory |
| Main Agricultural Products: | Rice, Wheat, Sugar Cane, Cotton, Jute, Tea, Coffee, Spices, |
| Major Cities of India: | Mumbai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Ahmadabad, Pune, Hyderabad, Surat, Indore, Jaipur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Vadodara, Kochi |
| Major Seas of India: | Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean |
| Animals of India: | Tiger, Elephant, Lion, Bear, Deer, Rhinoceros, Neelgai, Chinkara, Indian flying fox, Ass |
| Tourist Places: | Taj Mahal, Qutub Minar, Hawa Mahal, Jama Masjid, Konark Sun Temple, Sundarbans, India Gate, City palace Jaipur, Akshardham, Golkonda |
| Festivals of India: | Diwali, Holi, Rath Yatra, Kumbh Mela, Janmasthami, Muharram, Id-ul-Fitr, Good Friday, Christmas |
NATIONAL THINGS/SYMBOLS OF INDIA
NATIONAL SYMBOLS National Emblem Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath National Flag: Tricolor National Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana" National Song: “Vande Mataram” National Animal: Tiger National Flower: Lotus National Fruit: Mango National Bird: Peacock Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" National Tree of India Banyan
| NATIONAL | SYMBOLS |
|---|---|
| National Emblem | Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath |
| National Flag: | Tricolor |
| National Anthem: | "Jana Gana Mana" |
| National Song: | “Vande Mataram” |
| National Animal: | Tiger |
| National Flower: | Lotus |
| National Fruit: | Mango |
| National Bird: | Peacock |
| Motto: | "Satyameva Jayate" |
| National Tree of India | Banyan |
NATIONAL DAYS OF INDIA
DAYS DATE Independence Day: 15th August Republic Day: 26TH January Teachers Day: 5th September Martyr’s Day: 30th January, 23rd March Children’s Day; 14th November Gandhi Jayanti: 2nd October National Education Day: 11th November
| DAYS | DATE |
|---|---|
| Independence Day: | 15th August |
| Republic Day: | 26TH January |
| Teachers Day: | 5th September |
| Martyr’s Day: | 30th January, 23rd March |
| Children’s Day; | 14th November |
| Gandhi Jayanti: | 2nd October |
| National Education Day: | 11th November |
SOME RELIGIONS OF INDIA
RELIGION PLACE OF WORSHIP RELIGIOUS BOOKS Hinduism Temple Gita, Vedas Islam Mosque Quran Christianity Church Bible Sikhism Gurdwara Guru Granth Sahib Buddhism Temples Tripitaka Jainism Temples Kalpa Sutra, Agama, Tattvartha,
| RELIGION | PLACE OF WORSHIP | RELIGIOUS BOOKS |
|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | Temple | Gita, Vedas |
| Islam | Mosque | Quran |
| Christianity | Church | Bible |
| Sikhism | Gurdwara | Guru Granth Sahib |
| Buddhism | Temples | Tripitaka |
| Jainism | Temples | Kalpa Sutra, Agama, Tattvartha, |
SOME LARGEST THINGS OF INDIA
LARGEST THINGS Largest State (Population Wise): Uttar Pradesh Largest State (Area Wise): Rajasthan Largest District: Kutch Largest City: Mumbai Largest Dessert: Thar Largest Delta: Sundarban’s Delta Largest Lake: Wular lake Largest Saline water Lake: Chilka Largest Port: Mumbai Largest Rail Station: Howrah
| LARGEST | THINGS |
|---|---|
| Largest State (Population Wise): | Uttar Pradesh |
| Largest State (Area Wise): | Rajasthan |
| Largest District: | Kutch |
| Largest City: | Mumbai |
| Largest Dessert: | Thar |
| Largest Delta: | Sundarban’s Delta |
| Largest Lake: | Wular lake |
| Largest Saline water Lake: | Chilka |
| Largest Port: | Mumbai |
| Largest Rail Station: | Howrah |
SOME HIGHEST THINGS OF INDIA
HIGHEST OF INDIA THINGS Highest Mountain peak Kanchenjunga Highest Dam Tehri Dam Highest Waterfall Kunchikal falls Highest Railway Station Ghum railway station of the Darjeeling Highest Lake Devtaal Highest Tower Qutub Minar of Delhi
| HIGHEST OF INDIA | THINGS |
|---|---|
| Highest Mountain peak | Kanchenjunga |
| Highest Dam | Tehri Dam |
| Highest Waterfall | Kunchikal falls |
| Highest Railway Station | Ghum railway station of the Darjeeling |
| Highest Lake | Devtaal |
| Highest Tower | Qutub Minar of Delhi |
SOME LONGEST THINGS OF INDIA
LONGEST THINGS OF INDIA Longest River Ganges Longest Dam Hirakud Dam (Odisha) Longest National Highway NH7 (or 44) Longest Railway Platform Gorakhpur railway station Longest Tunnel Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)
| LONGEST | THINGS OF INDIA |
|---|---|
| Longest River | Ganges |
| Longest Dam | Hirakud Dam (Odisha) |
| Longest National Highway | NH7 (or 44) |
| Longest Railway Platform | Gorakhpur railway station |
| Longest Tunnel | Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir) |
SOME EVENTS THAT HAPPENED FIRST TIME IN INDIA
FIRST IN INDIA YEAR First postage stamps of India 1852 at district of scinde (also known as scinde dawk) First post office of India Bombay in 1764 First train ran in India 16 April, 1853 between Mumbai and Thane First Telephone service in India 1882,in city kolkata,chennai & mumbai First Cinema of India Silent movie Raja Harishchandra (1913), by Dadasaheb Phalke, First Census of India 1872 First time television started In Delhi on 15 September 1959 India’s First Satellite Aryabhata, was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975
| FIRST IN INDIA | YEAR |
|---|---|
| First postage stamps of India | 1852 at district of scinde (also known as scinde dawk) |
| First post office of India | Bombay in 1764 |
| First train ran in India | 16 April, 1853 between Mumbai and Thane |
| First Telephone service in India | 1882,in city kolkata,chennai & mumbai |
| First Cinema of India | Silent movie Raja Harishchandra (1913), by Dadasaheb Phalke, |
| First Census of India | 1872 |
| First time television started | In Delhi on 15 September 1959 |
| India’s First Satellite | Aryabhata, was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975 |
SOME INDIANS WHO MADE IT FIRST TIME
FIRST IN NAME First president of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad First prime minister of India Jawahar Lal Nehru First Indian in Space Rakesh Sharma First Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar First Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore First Muslim President of India Zakir Hussain First Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Radhakrishnan First Indian to cross EnglishChannel Mihir Sen First woman Prime Minister Indira Gandhi First lady to become Miss World Rita Faria First Mount Everest Climber Tenzing Norgay First Indian who won Oscar Satyajit Ray First Indian Cricketer KS Ranjitsinhji, who played for England. CK Nayudu is the first cricketer who played for India
| FIRST IN | NAME |
|---|---|
| First president of India | Dr. Rajendra Prasad |
| First prime minister of India | Jawahar Lal Nehru |
| First Indian in Space | Rakesh Sharma |
| First Speaker of the Lok Sabha | Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar |
| First Indian to win Nobel Prize | Rabindranath Tagore |
| First Muslim President of India | Zakir Hussain |
| First Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award | Radhakrishnan |
| First Indian to cross EnglishChannel | Mihir Sen |
| First woman Prime Minister | Indira Gandhi |
| First lady to become Miss World | Rita Faria |
| First Mount Everest Climber | Tenzing Norgay |
| First Indian who won Oscar | Satyajit Ray |
| First Indian Cricketer | KS Ranjitsinhji, who played for England. CK Nayudu is the first cricketer who played for India |
SOME IMPORTANT DATES OF INDIAN HISTORY
YEAR EVENT 5000 BC Indus Valley Civilization 2000 BC Vedic Age 563 BC Birth of Gautama Buddha 327 BC Alexander’s Invasion 276 BC Asoka’s Reign Started 320 AD Starting of Gupta Era 405-411 AD Chinese Traveler Fahien’s visit 1191 First battle of Tarain 1192 Second Battle of Tarain 1221 Changez Khan’s Invasion 1296 Al-ud-din Khilji’s Accession 1325 Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s Accession 1469 Birth of Guru Nanak 1498 Vasco de Gama’s discovery of India 1526 First battle of Panipat; Foundation of Mughal Era 1556 Second Battle of Panipat 1600 East India Company established 1761 Third Battle of Panipat 1764 Battle of Buxar 1857 Revolt of 1857 1869 Birth of Mahatma Gandhi 1885 Foundation of National Congress 1906 Foundation of Muslim League 1919 Jalianwala Bagh Massacre 1920 Non co operation Movement launched 1930 Civil Disobedience Movement Launched 1931 Gandhi-Irwin Pact 1937 Provincial Autonomy 1942 Quit India Movement 1947 Division of India, Independence of India
| YEAR | EVENT |
|---|---|
| 5000 BC | Indus Valley Civilization |
| 2000 BC | Vedic Age |
| 563 BC | Birth of Gautama Buddha |
| 327 BC | Alexander’s Invasion |
| 276 BC | Asoka’s Reign Started |
| 320 AD | Starting of Gupta Era |
| 405-411 AD | Chinese Traveler Fahien’s visit |
| 1191 | First battle of Tarain |
| 1192 | Second Battle of Tarain |
| 1221 | Changez Khan’s Invasion |
| 1296 | Al-ud-din Khilji’s Accession |
| 1325 | Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s Accession |
| 1469 | Birth of Guru Nanak |
| 1498 | Vasco de Gama’s discovery of India |
| 1526 | First battle of Panipat; Foundation of Mughal Era |
| 1556 | Second Battle of Panipat |
| 1600 | East India Company established |
| 1761 | Third Battle of Panipat |
| 1764 | Battle of Buxar |
| 1857 | Revolt of 1857 |
| 1869 | Birth of Mahatma Gandhi |
| 1885 | Foundation of National Congress |
| 1906 | Foundation of Muslim League |
| 1919 | Jalianwala Bagh Massacre |
| 1920 | Non co operation Movement launched |
| 1930 | Civil Disobedience Movement Launched |
| 1931 | Gandhi-Irwin Pact |
| 1937 | Provincial Autonomy |
| 1942 | Quit India Movement |
| 1947 | Division of India, Independence of India |
SOME NICK NAMES OF INDIAN CITIES
NICK NAME CITY Silicon Valley of India Bangalore IT capital of India Bangalore Manchester of India Ahmadabad City of Lakes Bhopal Temple city of India Bhubaneswar Detroit of India Chennai Auto hub of India Chennai World capital of Biriyani Hyderabad Pink city Jaipur Golden city of India Jaisalmir Steel city of India Jamshedpur God’s Own Country Kochi City of joy Kolkata City of Palaces Kolkata Cultural capital of India Kolkata City of Nawabs Lucknow Hollywood of India Mumbai City of Dreams Mumbai Financial capital of India Mumbai City of Seven islands Mumbai City of Rallies New Delhi City of Diamonds Surat
| NICK NAME | CITY |
|---|---|
| Silicon Valley of India | Bangalore |
| IT capital of India | Bangalore |
| Manchester of India | Ahmadabad |
| City of Lakes | Bhopal |
| Temple city of India | Bhubaneswar |
| Detroit of India | Chennai |
| Auto hub of India | Chennai |
| World capital of Biriyani | Hyderabad |
| Pink city | Jaipur |
| Golden city of India | Jaisalmir |
| Steel city of India | Jamshedpur |
| God’s Own Country | Kochi |
| City of joy | Kolkata |
| City of Palaces | Kolkata |
| Cultural capital of India | Kolkata |
| City of Nawabs | Lucknow |
| Hollywood of India | Mumbai |
| City of Dreams | Mumbai |
| Financial capital of India | Mumbai |
| City of Seven islands | Mumbai |
| City of Rallies | New Delhi |
| City of Diamonds | Surat |
SOME NICK NAMES OF FAMOUS INDIAN PERSONALITIES
NICK NAMES PERSONS Gurudev, Kabiguru, Rabindranath Tagore Nightingale of India Sorojini Naidu Father of Nation, Bapu Mahatma Gandhi Iron Man of India, Sarder Vallavbhai Patel Panditji/ Chacha Jawaharlal Nehru Chhatrapati Shivaji Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak Desh Ratna Dr. Rajendra Prasad Lal, Bal, Pal Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal Napoleon of India Samudra Gupta Tota-e-Hind Amir Khushro
| NICK NAMES | PERSONS |
|---|---|
| Gurudev, Kabiguru, | Rabindranath Tagore |
| Nightingale of India | Sorojini Naidu |
| Father of Nation, Bapu | Mahatma Gandhi |
| Iron Man of India, Sarder | Vallavbhai Patel |
| Panditji/ Chacha | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Chhatrapati | Shivaji |
| Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan | Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan |
| Lokmanya | Bal Gangadhar Tilak |
| Desh Ratna | Dr. Rajendra Prasad |
| Lal, Bal, Pal | Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal |
| Napoleon of India | Samudra Gupta |
| Tota-e-Hind | Amir Khushro |
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